Serial Killers as Heroes in Popular Culture

â€Å"When requested to legitimize the very vicious nature of his killings, Doe answers: â€Å"If you need to individuals to focus, Detective, you can’t simply tap them on the shoulder any longer. You need to hit them with a heavy hammer. At that point you’ll discover you have their exacting consideration. † This is a prime model with respect to why the media can get, and keep the consideration of their crowd with regards to being a sequential executioner. The media feels that the more individuals see of a specific wrongdoing, the less they are slanted to go out and perpetrate grievous violations. Then again, it may be the case that they simply need the evaluations to prop their appear and they truly couldn't care less what their crowd is taking a gander at or how it affects them. The media as I would like to think just think about their appraisals and what number of watchers they have. The media should concentrate a greater amount of the vitality on the people in question and what was taken, as opposed to concentrating on the executioner or executioners. During this week we watch Natural conceived Killers, and I felt that this film demonstrated each angle with respect to why the spotlight ought not be on the executioners. Who in their correct brain would choose to do a live taping of a meeting with a sequential executioner, and afterward choose to let the detainees see the taping. This shows the makers just thought about the evaluations. They didn't need to concur with the solicitation, yet they would not like to lose their number 1 columnist either. They put their evaluations and supporters over their crowd and many individuals lost their lives, all since somebody higher up thought it was alright to do a live show with a sequential executioner. In my brain I am thinking, this man isn't the president or anything so for what reason should he get all the consideration. Why somebody of this nature ought to try and be permitted to come around. Why, since we as society want that vitality that is sent from the screen to our family rooms. We need to feel frustrated about the executioners in light of the fact that it’s in our tendency to imagine that possibly this individual could have been spared, or that they were genuinely wronged some place in their life. I genuinely imagine that the detainees seeing the show as it circulated had a major impact in the significant uproar that happened. I am not saying that it couldn't have occurred at some other time, however for this situation with everything that was going on, this was an inappropriate opportunity to permit detainees access to this specific show. The media puts a lot of data out there for anyone to see, and society is the person who winds up enduring the outcomes.

5 5-Paragraph Essay Topics Meet the Top Popular Issues to Debate!

5-Paragraph Essay Topics Meet the Top Popular Issues to Debate! A 5-passage exposition is a standard composition for schools and colleges which in its particular structure actualizes the organized content comprising of five sections. That is the place the name originates from. Such papers are generally used to talk about different focuses and hence consistently have a solid contentious constituent. Along these lines while picking a theme for a five passage paper one needs to recall that the subject needs to include some indecision or have a few perspectives at the subject that may be revealed. The 5-section exposition theme must empower you to attract solid contention to help or reject it with the goal that the impacts on the peruser you are focusing on is reached. More often than not understudies pick some well known or pressing social issues that are somewhat debatable to be the subject of their five passage article. The assorted variety of such subjects can spread from social minorities to world undertakings and a significant bit of leeway here is that there consistently exist a few points of view opening a decent viewpoint for solid persuading contentions. The structure of a five passage article is intentionally set that way when each section beginning with the presentation is driving through the point developing on the contention to introduce you a closing perspective. By the by picking a decent point is a key factor while in transit to effective paper. Since such sort of composing doesn't include any nitty gritty depiction and expansive conversation the subject ought to ideally be brief yet infectious and known to most of the potential perusers. At whatever point you will compose a five section exposition start with an intensive theme choice which will have its influence in the entire creative cycle and assist you with making a decent paper.

Greenland Rail Company: Strategic Planning and Management

Greenland Rail Company: Strategic Planning and Management Area One In movement 1, we have talked about the underlying pieces of the vital arranging and broke down top to bottom the present situation of The Greenland Rail Company. To proceed with further into the undertakings of The Greenland Rail Company, here we will apply the business evaluation apparatuses to show up at a reasonable arrangement and develop a sound methodology for it or patch where important. The vital arranging decides the center thought, business as usual distribution of assets to accomplish the targets or objectives set in the key arranging. Each business has its center thought and the system to accomplish the targets through operational plans. Anyway to keep the procedure on target, we have to have some expository and checking measures. We can consider them the business (evaluation) instruments. Having these instruments is moment to minute observing of the activities and to check whether any activity is hurting the business or conflicting with the technique set down. Here is the rundown of such apparatuses: Is the vital arranging checked or dissected on the idea of ‘SWOT’ examination? Are the technique and the key arranging archived? Is there any inside review or the check list for the cross check of activities with the arranging? Is there any compelling approach and strategy for medicinal measures specified? SOPs are a successful device to keep each activity on line with the arranging. All above are totally important for effective running of a business and all the more especially for a business of the greatness of The Greenland Rail Company spread countrywide by its administrations and utility to the country. SWOT Analysis SWOT is truncation of four words which in certainty gives four dimensional perspective on any issue or thought. There is the same old thing in this. Everyone thinks on the upsides and downsides of a thought before placing it into pragmatic shape or making functional stride. It comprises of: Qualities: Under this heading, we see what makes a thought suitable whenever put fit as a fiddle. It begins from the greatest beneficial point to the littlest quality that the thought may have. Shortcomings: This heading covers the imperfections in the thought and whether the defects can be secured or they will make and demonstrate the thought not feasible. Openings: Having seen the qualities and shortcomings, does the thought despite everything give us the ideal chances or any chances. This may likewise mean whether those open doors that we had as a main priority, despite everything exist and it merits submitting the significant assets. Dangers: the last piece of the examination is to assess dangers to the business thought or the visualized technique. It is to check whether dangers are sensible and can be killed with some revision in the system or they are sufficiently large to be truly called dangers and give solid signs of not submitting the assets. Documentation Of The Strategic Planning This is a critical instrument that will go deep rooted and will continue reminding the focal thought and the standards on which the business is to be run. This gives the base to producing the operational designs for any new pursuits inside the current business. The requirement for recording the vital arranging can't be over stressed. Inward Audit Or The Check List To Cross Check The Actions With The Planning Inward review and the agenda are two distinct things yet fill a similar need. The inner review is completed by another authority of the association whether the administrators are performing right activities. The agenda gives right grouping of activities to be finished by the administrator. The agenda is controlling strategy while inner review is bringing up the missteps. Be that as it may, both have their utility and ought to consistently exist. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) SOPs are a successful apparatus to keep each activity on line with the arranging and in truth operational arrangement interpreted in less difficult structure so everyone at each level can comprehend the correct method for doing an activity. SOPs tell the main way an activity must be done and thatg is the ideal activity as per the operational arrangement. Technique For Remedial Measures We can say the toward the end in the arrangement is depiction of medicinal measures. On the off chance that the SOPs are being followed, no healing measures are required. They are just for crises and mishaps. Anyway mishaps and crises don't happen oftentimes however cures ought to be all around thought and very much arranged. They ought to be a piece of SOPs and be archived appropriately. In this segment we will see the serious qualities and shortcomings of the present business procedures. The Greenland Rail Company has: Clear way of thinking to give proficient travel administration to the traveler, and, To give effective sheltered and auspicious transportation of business merchandise. Its technique depends on the accompanying components: To plan its administrations on the requirements of the clients To give adequate number of trains To give adequate prepared staff to working these trains To apportion adequate assets for the abovementioned To keep up a decent standard of its administrations to pull in the significant piece of the overall industry. Compelling advertising and great client care administration All above have all the qualities and splendid odds of progress. Regardless of these qualities it has shortcomings that it needs train creation offices and ability, both. This is one shortcoming that can put the whole arrangement in question of disappointment. Anyway this shortcoming can be overwhelmed by bringing in the trains in time and by having a decent fix and support workshop of its own. Its qualities can be enrolled as under: It can plan the trains on the necessities of the clients It can give adequate number of trains It can utilize adequate staff and can prepare them at its own preparation offices It can dispense adequate assets It can keep up great help standard It can have powerful promoting and clients care Its shortcomings can be envisioned and enrolled as under: Any breakdown of trains can antagonistically influence the calendar Inspiration of the staff can be far fetched and may not end up being as effective as unmistakably required. The contenders, the street transporters can likewise give similar offices great norm and productivity. Track should be kept up constantly and may not be conceivable to do it. It is powerless to fraud activities and any deformity in the track can stop the development of trains and influence the calendar gravely. The organization has single track and does not have the twofold track office causing superfluous deferral in permitting the intersection of other train. There can be human blunder that can cause extreme blocks and even mishaps. Notwithstanding these shortcomings the organization has been showing the trains to making a wise time table. Anyway the effectiveness of twofold track can't be accomplished by single track. The serious issue looked by the organization has been deficiency of trains and making no arrangement for auspicious activities. Disappointment in workers has been another factor. Center Business Values And Current Objectives Center business esteems are effective assistance for travelers and merchandise transportation. Security of travelers, agreeable travel and holding fast to severe time plan are the basic beliefs in the event of traveler travel administration. On the opposite side, transportation of products in protected and auspicious way are the fundamental beliefs for the payload administration. Its present business goals are as yet the equivalent, I e: To work the trains and make the organization a gainful association. The expenses must be met under all conditions else it would not be conceivable to run the trains under the states of consistent misfortune. The business targets must be accomplished if there is proficiency in administration. It is a circle; productivity will catch the market and increment the clients and volume of merchandise to be shipped. Low effectiveness will cause misfortunes on each side. The market will slip over in the hands of contenders and there will be sharp decrease in the strength of the organization The examination between the qualities and the targets in now disproportionate and in negative parity. Qualities alone can sit idle if not bolstered by the proficient help. Loss of effectiveness will bring about loss of clients and load and that will push the organization towards a pitiful disaster. By and by it isn't meeting its targets and basic beliefs are left unsatisfied. Area Two Presently there is a need to look at the qualities and shortcomings and create measures to bring the organization back healthy. It might require basic choices. It needs to do careful review and check out things. It needs to wipe out every single negative component, might be labor, a few trains and a few administrations which are not permitting the organization to meet its costs. Brilliant handshake, laying off or obligatory retirement may must be depended on enemy work turnover and supplanting the wasteful and exploitative with better taught, youthful and eager labor. A few areas of the rail administration should be shut briefly till the money related conditions improve and cost of less gainful trains can be borne. The merchandise transport administration is all the more yielding, along these lines, must be uncommonly dealt with. Merchandise trains ought to be given equivalent need and more load taking care of administrations can be introduced for proficient booking, transportation and conveyance of the products. There is a need of expected set of responsibilities of every worker and afterward he must be managed suitably for productivity and genuineness. Alternatives For Future Strategy The Greenland Rail Company has two issues close by: Future procedure and, Alternatives for the future procedure. Future Strategy Essentially it continues as before with slight variety. Its procedure would be: To give great travel administration to the travelers To give great transportation to the freight To kill all components causing misfortunes and neutralizing the enthusiasm of the organization. To advance proficient check

Medea and the Vision of Euripides - Literature Essay Samples

Critics have noted that unlike his illustrious predecessors who also specialized in Greek tragedy, Euripides bears a far greater sensibility towards the marginalized sections of society such that many of his prominent characters are seen to be either women or people belonging to the ‘lower classes’. This was in stark contrast to Greek dramatic tradition, which mainly focused on men of noble birth and the divine immortals. Apart from other aspects, it is this realism of Euripides that makes his plays shine forth in retrospective analysis, attributing to them a timeless universal quality.In Euripides’ treatment of the legend of Medea, one finds subtle subversions of the patriarchal ethos of his time, which at the same time are balanced through his dramatic innovations for the purpose of tragic ambivalence. As Richard Rutherford claims in his preface to the play, â€Å"It is probable that Euripides was the first to make Medea kill her own children deliberately†, which of course is the vital conflict in the play. While it is made clear that Medea’s need for revenge as a wronged woman is completely warranted, Euripides introduces the question whether such a situation could justify any means to achieve vindication. Thus, the feminist assertion is brought in conflict with the basic notion of motherhood associated with the female gender, as Rutherford elaborates: â€Å"What kind of a woman, even in such circumstances, could bring herself to kill her own infant children?† To further highlight the tragic aspect, Euripides makes it more than evident that Medea is fully aware of the horror of her deeds and yet proceeds as she does, instead of mitigating her crime as an action executed in a moment of insanity.Through Medea, Euripides portrays a strong-willed woman who would go to any length to preserve her honour and extract due revenge in spite of all the odds stacked against her; as in her own words: â€Å"Wrong a woman in love an d nothing on earth has a heart more murderous†. For being a woman living in a patriarchal society in a foreign country, alienated from her own land, spurned by her husband and then banished from her state of residence, Medea has no external resources or influence to help her in her cause. Apart from the promise of asylum from Aegeus and the initial public sympathy, it is clear that Medea must rely on her own wits to realize her purpose. It is no wonder then that at the start of the play she is found to be wallowing in the throes of despair, self-pity and anguish.Right from the start, Euripides employs a unique technique to assert the tragic situation of Medea, which is then echoed at various occasions later in the play. The nurse initiates the play with a vain lament of the past to emphasize the tragedy of the present, while conveying the basic premise at the same time: â€Å"If only it had never gone to the land of Colchis, the ship Argo†. For after all, if this wasnâ €™t the case, the tragic instances would never have occurred. Apart from everything else, numerous murders would have been prevented at the hands of Medea, such as those of her brother, Pelias; and in the course of the play, the murders of Creon, his daughter, and Medea’s own sons. Therefore, even before Medea’s actual intent is declared in the play, it is implicitly understood that she is a dangerous woman, well versed in witchcraft and unafraid of killing people to serve her purpose; as the nurse states: â€Å"No one making an enemy of her will win an easy victory†Oaths were deemed of great significance in Greek tradition, and thus, Jason’s rejection of the marriage oath serves to further highlight the injustice meted out to Medea. As a result, until Medea finally declares her murderous intent, Euripides continues to provide a rationale for her rage and direct sympathy towards her through the perspectives of the other characters and her interactions with them, including the chorus of Corinthian women. For again, public sympathy was held to be quite important in Greek society owing to its democratic customs of debate (agon) and justice. In fact, it is keeping in mind this tradition that Medea finally regains her composure and appears in public to make her appeal, which is seen to be a passionate observation of the female plight in a patriarchal world with statements such as: â€Å"Of all creatures that have life and reason we women are the most miserable of specimenswe must buy a husband, taking a master to play the tyrant with our bodies†. It is this objective treatment of gender notions that marks the genius of Euripides in the play, and after all, it is heartening to realize that a man writing in the fifth century BCE could possess such a heightened sense of awareness.Furthermore, through the tutor’s statement: â€Å"Is he so different from the rest of mankind?† and at latter occasions, through the choru s such as in the lines 410-430, Euripides provides incisive commentary on the patriarchal hypocrisy that made adultery seem almost acceptable for men. This sentiment is again echoed in the first agon scene between Jason and Medea where Jason’s audacity in his reasoning by virtue of being born a man is more than evident. However, though the chorus could be seen as symbolic of female solidarity, as they boldly claim, â€Å"No more shall we women endure the burden of ill-repute†, in support of Medea’s retaliation, even they refuse to accept her eventual heinous decision, thus underlining the paradox regarding women and motherhood as discussed before.Coming to the declaration itself: â€Å"I shall kill my own children; no one shall take them from meto suffer the mockery of my enemies is something I will not tolerate†, it is needless to say that these statements reflect Medea’s psychological turmoil; and in the subsequent dialogue between her and the ch orus, Euripides defines the rationale behind Medea’s actions: â€Å"But to kill your very own children – will you have the heart for that, lady? Yes; it is by doing this that I shall hurt my husband most†. In these statements, one finds the deranged reasoning of a woman scorned, stemming from an egotism that is fixated upon the notions of justice and honour. However, in this mode of rhetoric, one might derive that there is some pragmatic thinking behind Medea’s murder of her children, for as a woman born in a man’s world, where would she have dragged her children along in exile? What fate would they meet, and despite Jason’s assurance, could she really trust the man who had already betrayed her once? â€Å"They must be killed; there is no other way. And since they must, I will take their life, I who gave them life.† This tragic sentiment reflects a certain heroism and courage on Medea’s part, which is then once more juxtaposed against the notion of motherhood in her heartbreaking vacillation in her soliloquy, until she finally realizes that she is a woman guided by passion and remarks on the fate of her children: â€Å"You have lost this world, thanks to your father†.Then in the messenger’s detailed description of Creon and his daughter’s deaths, there is a visible devilish delight that overcomes Medea, for the messenger’s graphic monologue provides a cathartic sense of vindication for her. After all, through these murders she ends up having her revenge both on Jason and Creon, the men who were to be blamed for her predicament. Though from this point onwards, the public sentiment starts to sway towards Jason, there is a strong argument voiced by Medea herself that it was easy to blame her for her conduct, simply because the others being objective commentators, weren’t in her shoes. Also, it might be interesting to note the irony that while the chorus of women call upon t he Sun god to prevent the murder of the children, he instead sends his chariot to help Medea in her getaway. Should this be seen as a mere whim of the gods congruent with Greek legends as voiced by Homer or Hesiod, or could this be interpreted as a subtle indication that the gods too agreed with Medea’s sense of justice? Again, the ambivalence of Euripides makes it difficult to take a definite stance but then, therein, lies the mark of great literature.Finally, in the climax, it is evident that Medea has indeed made Jason suffer to the highest degree such that she even denies him the burial of their children, all â€Å"to cause you (Jason) pain†. However, in the end, it is both vain and unfair to question Euripides’ motives behind the play. While his sensitivity towards the position of women is amply clear, it is somewhat unreasonable to claim that he intends Medea’s behaviour to be seen as the ideal of feminist retaliation, simply by virtue of his choice of her mode of revenge. Rather, Euripides’ purpose seems to lie in highlighting the tragedy of human behaviour or an aspect of it, through the portrayal of the inner conflict of an individual and the social reactions to it, to comment on the notions of justice and revenge. With regard to a specific feminist voice, Euripides rather chooses to delve into objective logic while commenting upon the prevailing circumstances of his time, as voiced by the chorus:â€Å"The rolling ages have much to tell of our side, much, as well, of men’s†Therefore, instead of pinpointing and dissecting Euripides’ intent, Medea must be treated simply as an individual work of literature, which encompasses the trivialities of the human condition into a timeless framework.

How to Earn an Online Degree by Examination

Several websites have popped up recently claiming that students can earn a degree by taking tests or get their bachelors  degree in less than a year. Is the information theyre selling a scam? Not necessarily.It is true that experienced students and good test-takers may be able to earn legitimate online degrees quickly and primarily through test-taking. However, it isnt easy and its not always the most fulfilling way to experience college. This information isnt a secret and you shouldnt feel obliged to take out your credit card for details that are publicly available from the colleges themselves. Heres what you need to know: How Can I Earn a Degree by Examination? In order to test your way to a degree, you cant just sign up for any program. When planning your next steps, you will need to be particularly cautious to avoid diploma mills with unethical practices - even listing a diploma mill degree on your resume is a crime in some states. There are several regionally accredited online colleges that are competency-based and offer flexible ways for students to earn credit. By enrolling in one of these legitimate online colleges, you may be able to earn the majority of your credits by proving your knowledge through taking tests rather than completing coursework. Why Should I Earn a Degree by Examination? Testing out of college is probably a better choice for experienced adult learners rather than incoming freshmen. It might be right for you if you have a lot of knowledge but are being held back in your career due to the lack of a degree. If you are coming right out of high school, this course may be particularly challenging as the tests tend to be difficult and do require a substantial amount of studying for students that are new to a topic. What Are the Drawbacks? Earning an online degree by taking tests has some major drawbacks. In particular, students miss out on what some consider are the most important aspects of the college experience. When you take a test instead of a class, you miss out on interacting with a professor, networking with your peers, and learning as a part of a community. Additionally, the required tests are challenging and the unstructured nature of studying alone can lead many students to simply give up. In order to be successful with this approach, students need to be particularly driven and disciplined. What Kinds of Tests Can I Take? The tests that you take will depend on your colleges requirements. You may end up taking university tests monitored online, university tests monitored at a designated testing location (such as a local library), or external tests. External tests such as the College-Level Exam Program (CLEP) can help you bypass courses in specialized subjects such as U.S. History, Marketing, or College Algebra. These tests can be taken with proctored supervision at a variety of locations. What Kinds of Colleges Accept Test Scores? Keep in mind that many earn a degree fast and test out of college advertisements are scams. When choosing to earn a degree primarily through examination, it is essential that you enroll in a legitimate, accredited online college. The widest form of accreditation is regional accreditation. Accreditation from the Distance Education Training Council (DETC) is also gaining traction. Regionally accredited programs that are well-known for awarding credit by exam include: Thomas Edison State College, Excelsior College, Charter Oak State College, and Western Governors University. Are Degrees-By-Examination Considered Legitimate? If you choose an accredited online college, your degree should be considered legitimate by employers and other educational institutions. There should be no difference between the degree you earn through proving your knowledge through test taking and the degree another online student earns through coursework.

Essential Oils That Stop Cancer Essay - 1438 Words

â€Å"Essential Oils That Stop Cancer in Its Tracks† ESSENTIAL OILS - Natural oil typically obtained by nature by the process of distillation and they have the odor of the plant or other characteristic from which it is extracted. Researchers now realize the power of essential oils which can avoid dangerous cancer from spreading. Benefits of essential oil are no longer being doubted. These oils have been using by people around since the very beginning of time. From ancient time, these oils were used to treatment of diseases, detecting symptoms, and help people from long time illnesses. These oils are natural aromatic compounds found in the parts of plants and have miraculous medicinal properties. As doctors continue to focus on allopathic medicine and prescribing them only and due to this ancient traditions, and essential oils have lost their amazing popularity. But now scientist also believes in this fact that some essential oils are helpful for cancer treatment. Do you know human body has a frequency .If your body is healthy frequency lies between 62 to 78 MHz but when some disease attacking your body this frequency decreased to 58Hz. Some reports and studies show that when a man holds a cup of coffee his body frequency dropped from 58 MHz in just 3 seconds, it took 3 days to return to normal frequency. Some other studies also show that negative thoughts in mind also lowers the frequency 12 MHz, but when you think all positive things this frequency increased to10 MHzShow MoreRelatedThe Mortality Trend Of Breast Cancer811 Words   |  4 PagesEach person knows about Breast cancer these days, due to the fact that humankind witnesses countless organizations working for this sole purpose diligently every day. Periodically we meet or hear individuals struggling with this devastating category of cancer which is particularly prevalent in women. 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They  are prioritizing  the amount of  money being brought in over what the reality of their works is doing to their society.  Even when it came to the government s responses to how they are dealing with the issues, I could see that they are focused more on profiting from the oil industry instead of acknowledging the negative consequences that will build up over time. They need to reevaluate what their oil is doing toRead MoreClove is a renowned spice which is widely used in cuisines around the world. The natural end1300 Words   |  6 Pageswhich assist in the making of urea. It also helps the body get rid of fat and ensures the stability of the nervous system. 2. Anti-Viral and Anti-Bacterial Properties Clove portrays anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties. This means it puts a stop to a range of allergic conditions. Clove is a rich source of eugenol whose molecule contains methyl group (-CH3). Methane gas is poisonous in nature. 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International Integrated Reporting Council †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the International Integrated Reporting Council. Answer: Introduction: The report is prepared to demonstrate critical evaluation of usefulness of integrated reporting. Integrated reporting intends to promote corporate strategy by combining the reporting of non-financial and financial measures. Evaluation of integrated reporting usefulness to organization has been done by researching and evaluating journal articles relating to integrated reporting. The article that would form the basis of present report is stakeholder perspective from South Africa.It is the first country requiring integrated reporting on wider scale (Adams 2015).An integrated report is a platform of accurate communication about performance, strategy, performance and governance of organization that leads to creation of medium, short and long-term value. Integrate reporting has been made a requirement for all listed companies by Johannesburg securities exchange. It is predicted by analyst that there exist strong correlation between ability of business and its resilience to create value in short, long and medium term. In the initial phase with the introduction of integrated reporting, it was intended to communicate non-financial and financial information to range of stakeholders, but now it is more focused on investors of organization. Several ranges of benefits are provided by integrated reporting to providers of investment decisions or capita allocation and shareholders. The purpose of launching framework of integrated reporting is to reflect genuine challenges faced by organizations and making reporting by corporate more grounded and therefore they are considered useful to investors. Providers of financial capital are provided information about how value over time is created by organization (Barboz et al. 2013). With regard to adoption if global integrated reporting, South Africa has been one of leading countries. Call for creation of integrated reporting in South Africa evolved from inseparability of sustainability, strategy, performance and governance. A greater context of performance indicators should be provided by integrated reporting and such reporting standard should be capable of clarifying how relevant financial information fits into long term strategy of business and ultimately providing range of benefits of stakeholders. The continued development of South Africa is driven by stakeholder approach of King Reports. The introduction of new reporting standard has led to researcher focusing on well companies in nation is focusing on presenting their financial information in an integrated manner (Crowther 2016). However, companies witnessed various obstacles in releasing their integrated reporting despite of making good job in creating accessibility to such reporting. Such obstacles comp rised of few published example, limited guidance and eruption in uncertainty from potentially on conflicting guidance. Several researches in South Africa have gained little information whether such reporting standard have gained an understanding of financial information to stakeholders and how they are communicated to them. The role of early adopter of integrated reporting that is played by South Africa also comes with several challenges and it also depicts the perception of general public of financial reporting in country (Brown and Dillard 2014). It was inferred from some of research that investors do not rely much on using integrated reporting to make their investment decisions. A number of relevant an informed questions had been raised in the special edition of Auditing, Accounting and Accountability journal. A research agenda was laid out from perspective of accounting. It also involved comments on growing academic interest in academic research on integrated reporting and gaining of considerable prominence in since the IIRC (International Integrated reporting council) has been formed in 2010 (Zhou et al. 2017). From the current literature on integrated reporting, a number of themes can be identified. While integrating the political nature of standard setting, the emergence of integrated reporting was highlighted as fragile and complex relationship between the parties to the manifestation of its framework. It has been argued by authors that still prevails uncertainty in positioning of integrated reporting in the corporate reporting (de Villiers et al. 2014). South Africa has led the field in total number of integrated reporting that is being registered in database of GRI. It was because of requirement of all listed companies on their stock exchange to produce integrated report and because of mandating of King III. In recent years, some of the close runner of South Africa in publishing integrated report includes Brazil, Australia and Netherland (Dumay et al. 2016). The information based on database of GRI depicts some of sectors that are leading in experimenting with integrated reporting are energy utilities, financial services, mining and energy. Some other sectors would have perceived to double by the volume of financial services integrated report. Higher volume of financial services publishing self declared integrated reports are based in Australia, South Africa and Brazil and low number are based on USA and UK (Flower 2015). Results are more distributed in terms of utilities and energy. Companies in different countries have expressed their intention of publishing integrated reports because of number of reasons and they are listed below: Integration of financial report and corporate sustainability report in one single document that depicts cohesion between financial, operational and social actions. Integrated reporting intends to improve information quality that is available to financial capital providers enabling them to make a productive and efficient capital allocation. It seeks to promote understanding interdependencies between broad base of capitals such as manufactured, financial, social, human, and natural and relationship along with enhancing their stewardship and accountability. It assist organizations in building practice of financial, environmental, social, governance and sustainability reporting and making them well equipped with managing their brand, operations and stakeholders reputation and dealing with management of such risks that would lead to comprising of long-term sustainability of organization (Fras-Aceituno et al. 2013). Promoting an efficient and consistent approach to corporate reporting and providing platform for communicating full range of factors by which the organization ability to create value over time is affected. Meeting needs of stakeholders, avoiding of internal silos, strategic and natural fit and providing stakeholders with full information of reporting. Companies have been producing integrated report as it combines financial performance with information and data on social, environment and governance performance. Integrated reporting depicts information on non-financial key performance indicators (Garca?Snchez et al. 2017). Combing financial and non-financial performance along with sustainability measures undertaken by different companies. Perspective of integrated reporting: The concept of integrated reporting arrived due to recognition of importance of non-financial information to investors. Focus of integrated reporting for the last few years have been relied on importance of value creation through six capitals. Another capital that is intrinsic to creation of value is human, intellectual, natural and social relationship. Objective of such report is to provide performance information of companies to investors in an integrated way and providing more detailed information that are of particular interest (Stubbs and Higgins 2014). It can also provide analytic tool for exploring relationship between nonfinancial and financial using data from other sources and data provided by company along with comparing the performance of company with that of their competitors. There is a growing awareness among organizations of different countries as indicated by working group of international auditing and assurance board as they are seeking to broaden their base to provi de stakeholders with wide range of information (Haller and van Staden 2014). It has been ascertained by overview of feedback of IIRC companies internal system for handling integrated report is far less mature as against financial information. It has been claimed by some authors that integrated reporting represents a striking and new feature of corporate reporting concerning future relevance and value of such reporting. Advocating of integrated reporting is done in positive for re configuring and advancing legitimacy of corporate reporting by making use of interrelationship in their formulation. However, there are some critical issue facing such reporting standard in practice is its use by investors and sustainable demand. This has been consistent with claim that such reporting is designed for financial capital providers driven by prevailing market demand. Long-term orientation are adopted by companies in decision making process by practicing integrated reporting as it helps in attr acting long-term base of shareholders (Moolman et al. 2016). The platform was supported as it encompassed sustainability with attracting business value investors through long-term orientation. Nonetheless, serious concerns have been raised by conducting number of studies about presumed positioning of integrated reporting as a vehicle for conveying information and materiality to stakeholders. Moreover, it has been claimed that primary focus of IR is on creating investors value as against to creating value for society has led to abandoning sustainability accountability. Such reporting does not have any material interest to investors as the firms practicing such reporting process are not required to report about harms that are inflicted in entities. Due to lack of prescription in the framework of IR, agendas of reporting might get dominated by powerful entities. In order to facilitate a more meaningful sustainability reporting, there is a need for engaging vigorous sustainability techn iques. IR has the possibility of becoming legitimate practice by organizations due to its refection on capturing of business in spite of stakeholder and issues reconciliation (Macias and Farfan 2017). It is believed by supporters of IR that initiative has ability of changing norms and culture of reporting process. Investors and companies would be influenced in a way that repercussion of negative and positive externalities would be considered by them in association with operating decisions and corporate investment (Roth 2014). Quality of information and equity capital cost: The cost of equity capital is directly and indirectly influenced by financial information. A voluntary disclosure theory to non-financial information has been extended by researcher with increasing trend of supplementing non-financial with financial information. Negative relations have been documented between cost of equity capital and disclosures of corporate social responsibility and behaviors of investors to some extent are influenced by performance yield and disclosure of non-financial information. Capital allocation decisions of investors are changed based on informations that are contained in an integrated report. Organizations aligning their report within the framework of integrated reporting have been found to be associated with lower equity cost of capital. Organizations producing high quality of integrated report have the benefits of reduced equity capital cost. Investors are benefitted incrementally due to the platform of integrated reporting compared to current reporting framework (Stent and Dowler 2015). However, integrated reporting does not affect capital market as it intends to improve the environment of information of reporting companies. Sustainability reporting and integrated reporting: There exist strong relation between sustainability reporting and integrated reporting and GRI is considered as key driver in the process. One of the important aspects of performance of company is sustainability reporting and it forms a crucial part of integrated reporting. The core of integrated reporting is qualitative and quantitative non-financial information and importance of such information is provided by sustainability reporting. However, there are other views that do not link sustainability with integrated reporting as it is perceived that former is for stakeholders and latter is only for shareholders and investors. Implications of sustainability into integrated reporting would vary country by country resulting from factors such as difference in filing process and variations in regulations of respective countries. Trade off exist between value creation and sustainability performance of organization. In relation to this, economic performance of business and its impact on socie ty for sustaining its value in future should be the core part of integrated reporting. Users of reports are required to understand the terms as they are discursive and speculative in nature. In the context of emergence of integrated reporting, both sustainability and financial reporting have been subjected to misunderstanding (Owen 2013). It was believed that development of integrated reporting would replace sustainability reporting. However, measures of six capitals involved in integrated reporting present one of considerable challenge. For increasing level of familiarity associated with IR, it should be established more firmly with the financial and non financial users along with equity investors remit. It is required to clearly signaled to users of such report about corporate reporting uniqueness reflecting relevance of needs of capital, value creation, strategy and risks. Market benefits of IR are required to be established through lower risk premium and lower equity cost of capital. Greater incentives for companies to adopt IR would come by clearly establishing value relevance benefits. Buy side fund managers should be engaged at greater level for stimulating demand of long-term metrics of value creation by sell side analysts (Soyka 2013). Increased use and demand of IR would be facilitated a gradual shift towards an approach that is more rounded for making investment decisions. Respective views of equity analysts and fund managers have revealed that there were several benefits of integrated reporting. There were notable views on lack of familiarity with IR irrespective of various benefits. Several issues were faced by capital market participants regarding seeking information via such reporting standard. IR intends to explain to providers of financial capital and its relevance to equity market users was observed as clear divergence as it was short-term orientation that stemmed from behavior and culture of capital market (Trbucq and Magnaghi 2017). They viewed IR as remote as it focuses on short-term. Secondly, adopters of IR had lack of critical mass despite the support of institution in its constitutional phase. Challenges exist from buy side perspective in culture of market and it calls for increased need for external and internal disclosures. Another key challenge is faced in terms of lack of sufficiently disclosure and use of such reporting both with ext ernal clients and within organization. Fundamental challenge faced by IR comes from short-term and long-term orientation, incentives structure and culture of capital market (Melloni 2015). For IR becoming market driven and sustainable, it is essential that these challenges are met. Conclusion: Companies have been embracing integrated report in the past few years. The approach of integrated reporting comprising of non-financial and financial information brings to organization not only financial capital inside and outside organization but also natural and social capital. Integrated reporting phenomenon is making its mark for brining internal change within organization as well as a tool of external communication. In light of this, it is required by business practitioners and academics to continue working in tandem for analyzing they impact of this new approach of reporting on strategies of organization. There is requirement of explaining six capitals of IR in better way in an attempt to remove jargon that is associated with integrated reporting approach. Barriers to use and engagement with integrated reporting would disappear if users are able to understand capital. The challenge of culture of market needs to be overcome for realizing the potential of integrated reporting. Ac ross different sectors all around the world, integrated reporting is regarded as subject of much experimentation. Embedding together both financial and non financial informations depicts a more sophisticated interlayering of information to its users. References list: Adams, C.A., 2015. The international integrated reporting council: a call to action. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 27, pp.23-28. Barboza, P., Vaillant, L., Mawudeku, A., Nelson, N.P., Hartley, D.M., Madoff, L.C., Linge, J.P., Collier, N., Brownstein, J.S., Yangarber, R. and Astagneau, P., 2013. 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